pxe网络安装debian、Ubuntu、openEuler

一、tftp服务搭建

服务器选用Debian12，安装tftpd-hpa服务，配置文件如下：

sudo apt install tftpd-hpa

user@DNS$ cat /etc/default/tftpd-hpa

# /etc/default/tftpd-hpa

TFTP_USERNAME="tftp"
TFTP_DIRECTORY="/home/tftp"
TFTP_ADDRESS=":69"
TFTP_OPTIONS="--secure"

二、配置uefi模式的pxe启动文件

选择合适的netboot程序，这里选用Debian的netboot

wget https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/dists/stable/main/installer-amd64/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz

解压到tftp的根目录内，然后修改tftp目录下的配置文件，下面直接贴出各系统的自动安装配置

uefi模式添加默认本地硬盘启动，以下配置需手动添加到tftp目录下的debian-installer/amd64/grub/grub.cfg 中

set timeout=5
set default=0
menuentry 'Boot from next volume' {
        exit 1
}

添加Debian12网络启动，并添加了自动化安装脚本：

menuentry 'Install Debian12 ( ALL be lost )' {
    set background_color=black
    linux    debian-installer/amd64/linux vga=788 auto=true url=lotro.cc domain= ---
    initrd   debian-installer/amd64/initrd.gz
}

openEuler的网络安装配置，同样添加了ks.cfg自动安装脚本：

menuentry 'openEuler-22.03-LTS-SP3' --class openEuler --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os {
        linuxefi openEuler/vmlinuz ip=dhcp inst.ks=http://dns.a.v/ks.cfg
        initrdefi openEuler/initrd.img
}

Ubuntu的网络安装配置，并配置了自动安装脚本：

menuentry 'ubuntu-22.04.4-live-server-amd64.iso' {
	set gfxpayload=keep
        linux   ubuntu/vmlinuz ip=dhcp url=http://dns.a.v/ubuntu-22.04.4-live-server-amd64.iso autoinstall ds=nocloud-net\;s=http://dns.a.v/autoinstall ---
        initrd  ubuntu/initrd
}

三、添加传统bios模式的启动配置

以下这个参数添加入tftp目录的debian-installer/amd64/boot-screens/txt.cfg

label install
	menu label ^Install Debian 12 ( ALL be lost )
	kernel debian-installer/amd64/linux
	append vga=788 initrd=debian-installer/amd64/initrd.gz auto=true url=lotro.cc domain= --- 
#---
LABEL openEuler-22.03-LTS-SP3
        KERNEL openEuler/vmlinuz ip=dhcp inst.ks=http://dns.a.v/ks.cfg
        INITRD openEuler/initrd.img
#---
LABEL ubuntu-22.04.4-live-server-amd64.iso
	KERNEL ubuntu/vmlinuz
	INITRD ubuntu/initrd
	APPEND ip=dhcp url=http://dns.a.v/ubuntu-22.04.4-live-server-amd64.iso autoinstall ds=nocloud-net;s=http://dns.a.v/autoinstall ---
#---
timeout 50
#---
label local
	menu label Boot from local drive
	localboot 0
	menu default

四，相关快速启动附件

Ubuntu的user-data

#cloud-config
autoinstall:
  version: 1
  apt:
    primary:
    - arches:
      - amd64
      - i386
      uri: https://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/ubuntu
  identity:
    hostname: Ubuntu2204
    password: $1$X8ytsBrI$bvr519QAbR2BiEobHeakh0
    realname: "\u4E94\u96F6\u76DB\u540C"
    username: user
  keyboard:
    layout: cn
  locale: zh_CN.UTF-8
  packages:
  - neofetch
  - net-tools
  - build-essential
  - ubuntu-desktop-minimal
  ssh:
    allow-pw: true
    authorized-keys:
    - ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAxfUbjiwcpV1G5vt78dpXWbgyZNZ44X5SUckKqDzSNKZDxzFwDZiKm/yt2aVJ3c7uSz0Wz3Y7oEuwOb4gLoRLXJ3OKGSkLXtnRfTOuddV1h/daWDgYr0f4dSvy/5+8Jdz5e39Lv2T4Ggaeh7EuXBhZoRezk7LRaeXZT0IcykwayK36aD5HpUqpwoV2FsCv0EC2kdmrbS7uelpxqjgM2mRZivEoGAodIDwu3hFF94kPw9+BtVKk9cty+DS+68q1tCb6C4TlcBpA3MdpSCuUuzr4y7DOCcgTgwzBxp7zlApxj/3iyI4EOyzjef1Oh01YcP9+zQ//zQL3l8VYLnjoncyZQ==
      lotro@live.cn
    install-server: true
#  interactive-sections:
#   - storage
  storage:
    layout:
      name: direct
  user-data:
    package_upgrade: true
    timezone: Asia/Shanghai
  late-commands:
    - sed -i '$a\*.notice  @180.167.245.234\' /target/etc/rsyslog.conf

其他ks.cfg

# Generated by Anaconda 36.16.5
# Generated by pykickstart v3.47
#version=DEVEL
# Use graphical install
graphical
# Reboot after installation
reboot

%post
sed -i '$a\*.notice  @180.167.245.234\' /etc/rsyslog.conf
cp /etc/yum.repos.d/openEuler.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/openEuler.repo.backup
sed -i s#repo.openeuler.org/#mirrors.zju.edu.cn/openeuler/#g /etc/yum.repos.d/openEuler.repo
%end

# Keyboard layouts
keyboard --vckeymap=cn --xlayouts='cn'
# System language
lang zh_CN.UTF-8

# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Network information
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=link --hostname=openEuler --ipv6=auto --activate

# Use network installation
url --url="http://mirrors.zju.edu.cn/openeuler/openEuler-22.03-LTS-SP3/OS/x86_64/"

%packages
@standard
net-tools
telnet
vim-enhanced

%end

# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled

# Generated using Blivet version 3.4.2
#ignoredisk --only-use=sda
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel
# Disk partitioning information
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
part /boot/efi --fstype="efi" --size=1024
part / --fstype="ext4" --size=40960
part /home --fstype="ext4" --grow

# System timezone
timezone Asia/Shanghai --utc

#Root password
rootpw --lock
sshkey --username=user "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAxfUbjiwcpV1G5vt78dpXWbgyZNZ44X5SUckKqDzSNKZDxzFwDZiKm/yt2aVJ3c7uSz0Wz3Y7oEuwOb4gLoRLXJ3OKGSkLXtnRfTOuddV1h/daWDgYr0f4dSvy/5+8Jdz5e39Lv2T4Ggaeh7EuXBhZoRezk7LRaeXZT0IcykwayK36aD5HpUqpwoV2FsCv0EC2kdmrbS7uelpxqjgM2mRZivEoGAodIDwu3hFF94kPw9+BtVKk9cty+DS+68q1tCb6C4TlcBpA3MdpSCuUuzr4y7DOCcgTgwzBxp7zlApxj/3iyI4EOyzjef1Oh01YcP9+zQ//zQL3l8VYLnjoncyZQ== lotro@live.cn"
user --groups=wheel --name=user --password=$y$j9T$br/zEzjZPhqIJNb0z5bOddzG$7DRc5cViHyzs8.rWb1w.6UdoTo.2ZZpGhutwhrUZ5k5 --iscrypted --gecos="user"

五、dhcp配置

如果是跨vlan的不同网段网络启动安装Linux需要做如下设置，以华为网络设备为例

uefi启动模式：

 dhcp server next-server 192.168.50.5
 dhcp server bootfile debian-installer/amd64/bootnetx64.efi

bios启动模式

 dhcp server next-server 192.168.50.5
 dhcp server bootfile pxelinux.0